جلسه ششم، 25 مهر 96

ر جلسات پیش، بررسی مشتقات کلمات را به این مرحله رسانده بودیم

در این جلسه، یک ستون جدید با عنوان صفات به دو ستون قبل اضافه کردیم و این ستون را برای دو لغا differ و base بررسی کردیم. جدول این جلسه به این ترتیب تشکیل شد:

مثالها:

• This drug affects different people in different ways

  این دارو برر روی افراد مختلف به شکل های مختلف تاثیر می گذارد.

  He took the photo from three different angles

  او عکس رو از سه زاویه ی مختلف گرفت

  I always check the prices of different brands before I make a purchase

  من همیشه قیمتهای مدل های مختلف رو چک می کنم قبل از اینکه خریدی انجام بدم

  People are all so different.

  مردم خیلی متفاوت هستند

  This computer is different from the computer that I used in my last job.

  این کامپیوتر نسبت کامپیوتری که در شغل آخرم استفاده می کردم ، متفاوت هست

  You look different.

  خیلی متفاوت به نظر می رسی.

  I can't really speak Spanish, I just know a few basic words.

  حقیقتش نمی تونم اسپانیایی صحبت کنم، فقط چندتا واژه ی ابتدایی رو بلدم

  People were standing in lines to buy basic goods such as bread, cheese, and milk.

  مردم در صف ایستاده بودند تا اجناس ابتدایی و ضروری مانند نان، پنیر و شیر را بخرند

  The farm lacks even basic equipment.

  این مزرعه حتی تجهیزات ابتدایی ندارد

  The government regards housing as a basic need.

  دولت، مسکن را یک نیاز ابتدایی در نظر می گیرد.

  The hospital lacked even the most basic medical equipment.

  بیمارستان حتی ابتدایی ترین تجهیزات پزشکی را ندارد.

لغات جلسه آینده

1- Equal to مساوی با

The rent was equal to half his monthly income.

2- Mass جِرم

The Sun makes up 99.9% of the mass of our solar system.

3- Multiply ضرب کردن در یک عدد

4 multiplied by 10 is 40 --- You should multiply the total by 12.

4- Square به توان 2 رساندن یک عدد

5 squared equals 25. --- ‘If you square the radius times the pi, you will get the circle's space.

5- Ancients باستانیان

The ancients believed that the Sun and Moon were planets.

6- Lightning رعد و برق

A flash of lightning lit up the whole sky.

7- Appreciate ارزش قائل شدن برای چیزی

I don't need any help, but I do appreciate your offer.

8- Certain به خصوص، مشخص

The library is only open at certain times of day.

9- Indeed در حقیقت

I wasn't unsatisfied at all. Indeed, I was pleased.

10- Mineral ماده معدنی

He is the president of a country with few mineral resources

11- Invisible نامرئی

The gas is invisible but highly dangerous.

12- Generate تولید کردن

The program would generate a lot of new jobs.

13- Derive استخراج کردن (مانند استخراج کردن انرژی از یک ماده)

This word is derived from Latin.

14- In terms of از نظرِ، از لحاظِ

It's a mistake to think of Shiraz only in terms of its tourist attractions

15- Resistance مقاومت

Vitamins can build up your resistance to colds and flu.

16- Wire سیم

Curtains hung from a thick wire.

17- Compare مقایسه کردن

You should compare three or four computers before buying one.

18- flow جریان، عبور (مانند عبور آب از یک لوله)

The road repairs should not affect traffic flow.

تمرینات جلسه آینده

متن زیر را به فارسی برگردانید. سنجش بر اساس صحت تلفظ و صحت ترجمه لحاظ می گردد.

In science, we have a special word for all materials. We call all materials matter. Matter is anything that takes up space and has weight. Plants, animals, air, water, soil, rock – all living and non-living thins- are made from matter. Matter itself is made up of very small particles called molecules, and molecules are made up of tiny particles called atoms.

Many changes in matter are brought about by such things as heat, light, sound, and electric current. Yet these things are not matter because they do not take up space and do not have weight. So there is something besides matter in our world which makes matter move or change. We have a special word for it; we call it energy. Heat, light, sound, and electric current are just some of its different forms. The energy of the muscles that move the parts of your body is called muscular energy. Mechanical devices such as windmills, water wheels, and steam or gasoline engines harness various forms of energy and change them into another form, called mechanical energy. Mechanical energy can be used to run our machines.

Another form of energy is stored in the molecules of some materials. We call this form chemical energy. Coal, gasoline, and other fuels have chemical energy stored in them. When any fuel is burned, the stored energy is released. Huge amounts of still another form of energy are locked up in atoms. This kind of energy is called atomic energy. As new and better ways of releasing atomic energy are discovered, atoms will become one of our most important sources of energy.

Though energy exists in various forms, scientists have found that there are really just two kinds of energy. Ruing water, a falling weight, or any moving object has energy. You know that this is true because of what happens when they strike something. This kind of energy is called kinetic energy. It is the kind of energy that matter has because of its motion. However, materials and objects often have energy even if they are not moving. If you lift a stone, energy has to be used to overcome the downward pull of gravity. This energy is stored in the lifted stone. When you release the stone, it falls back to the ground. And the energy stored in the stone is set free. So the other kind of energy is the energy stored in matter. We call this kind potential energy. Springs that have been pulled, pressed, bent, twisted, or wound up contain energy stored as potential energy.

Energy does not take up space and does not have weight, but we can often feel or see what it does. Whenever matter moves or changes, it is energy that causes this to happen. Also, when matter changes, the form or kind of energy, or both will change. For example, when light energy from the sun strikes the earth, much of it is changed into heat energy. But some of it is changed into chemical energy and stored in the food made by green plants. When this food is used in our bodies, the chemical energy is changed into muscular energy and heat.

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